Functionalization and its effect on the properties of in situ-forming biopolymer hydrogels

Biopolymer hydrogels, owing to their biocompatibility and tunable characteristics, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This chapter delves into the fascinating realm of functionalization techniques applied to in situ-forming biopolymer hydrogels, elucidating their profound impact on the multifaceted properties of these versatile biomaterials. The chapter unfolds the spectrum of functionalization strategies encompassing chemical cross-linking, physical reinforcement, and incorporation of bioactive molecules, nanoparticles, and other additives. Each strategy is meticulously explored, providing an in-depth understanding of its principles, advantages, and limitations in modulating the hydrogel properties. Through systematic investigations, we decipher the intricate relationships between functionalization parameters and hydrogel attributes, including swelling behavior, mechanical strength, degradation kinetics, and drug release kinetics. These insights are pivotal for tailoring hydrogel properties to suit specific application requirements, from sustained drug delivery systems to tissue engineering scaffolds. Moreover, this chapter underscores the significance of biocompatibility assessments and cytocompatibility considerations when functionalizing biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical use. Finally, this chapter highlights the evolving landscape of biopolymer hydrogel research and its potential impact on cutting-edge biomedical advancements. By offering a comprehensive exploration of functionalization techniques and their effects on hydrogel properties, this chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and practitioners seeking to harness the full potential of in situ-forming biopolymer hydrogels in the pursuit of innovative biomedical solutions.