Frequency control scheme of an AC Islanded microgrid based on modified new self-organizing hierarchical PSO with jumping time-varying acceleration coefficients

Low energy inertia, a high penetration level of renewable energy sources, and a large ratio of power deviations in a small power transmission system have put microgrid frequency at risk of instability. Based on the close coupling between microgrid frequency and system security requirements, providing sufficient ancillary services from cost-effective and environmentally friendly resources is a major challenge in an efficient energy management system. In this article, a fuzzy approach and a new optimization technique on the PI controller are used to solve the problem of frequency stability in the AC micro-grid in the island mode by optimising the PI-fuzzy controller parameters. The suggested modified new self-organizing hierarchical PSO with jumping time-varying acceleration coefficients (MNHPSO-JTVAC) based controller’s results show that the control system has been investigated under three scenarios: load variations, RES uncertainty, white noise, and frequency correction. In terms of frequency responsiveness, the results are good when compared to traditional algorithms: The suggested design has been able to optimise the control system parameters by the proposed MNHPSO-JTVAC algorithm to solve microgrid frequency deviations caused by source uncertainty, load changes, and white noise, respectively, 0.008473, 0.01334, and 23.71, compared to classical PI control—PI, fuzzy And PI-fuzzy-GOA shows that in practical systems, this method can be considered very desirable and attractive.