Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Allafort; W. B. Atwood; L. Baldini; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; K. Bechtol; R. Bellazzini; P. N. Bhat; R. D. Blandford; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; J. Bregeon; M. S. Briggs; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; J. M. Burgess; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; J. M. Casandjian; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; J. Chiang; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; V. Connaughton; J. Conrad; S. Cutini; B. R. Dennis; F. De Palma; C. D. Dermer; S. W. Digel; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; A. Drlica-Wagner; R. Dubois; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; E. C. Ferrara; P. Fortin; Y. Fukazawa; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; L. Grillo; J. E. Grove; D. Gruber; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; D. Horan; G. Iafrate; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; W. N. Johnson; T. Kamae; R. M. Kippen; J. Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; C. Meegan; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; R. Murphy; M. Naumann-Godo; E. Nuss; T. Nymark; M. Ohno; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; W. S. Paciesas; J. H. Panetta; D. Parent; M. Pesce-Rollins; V. Petrosian; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; G. Pivato; H. Poon; T. A. Porter; R. Preece; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; S. Ritz; C. Sbarra; R. A. Schwartz; C. Sgrò; G. H. Share; E. J. Siskind; P. Spinelli; H. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; Y. Tanaka; J. B. Thayer; L. Tibaldo; M. Tinivella; A. K. Tolbert; G. Tosti; E. Troja; Y. Uchiyama; T. L. Usher; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; A. Von Kienlin; A. P. Waite; C. Wilson-Hodge; D. L. Wood; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, P. N. Bhat, R. D. Blandford, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, M. S. Briggs, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, J. M. Burgess, S. BusonG. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, V. Connaughton, J. Conrad, S. Cutini, B. R. Dennis, F. De Palma, C. D. Dermer, S. W. Digel, E. Do Couto E Silva, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Dubois, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, P. Fortin, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, L. Grillo, J. E. Grove, D. Gruber, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Iafrate, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, R. M. Kippen, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, C. Meegan, J. Mehault, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, R. Murphy, M. Naumann-Godo, E. Nuss, T. Nymark, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, W. S. Paciesas, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, G. Pivato, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, R. Preece, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, S. Ritz, C. Sbarra, R. A. Schwartz, C. Sgrò, G. H. Share, E. J. Siskind, P. Spinelli, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, M. Tinivella, A. K. Tolbert, G. Tosti, E. Troja, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. Von Kienlin, A. P. Waite, C. Wilson-Hodge, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, Z. Yang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

67 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M2-class solar flare, SOL2010-06-12T00:57, was modest in many respects yet exhibited remarkable acceleration of energetic particles. The flare produced an 50s impulsive burst of hard X- and γ-ray emission up to at least 400MeV observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope experiments. The remarkably similar hard X-ray and high-energy γ-ray time profiles suggest that most of the particles were accelerated to energies ≳300MeV with a delay of 10s from mildly relativistic electrons, but some reached these energies in as little as ∼ 3s. The γ-ray line fluence from this flare was about 10 times higher than that typically observed from this modest GOES class of X-ray flare. There is no evidence for time-extended >100MeV emission as has been found for other flares with high-energy γ-rays.

Original language	English
Article number	144
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	745
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2012
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

acceleration of particles Sun: flares Sun: particle emission Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

Cite this

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Briggs, M. S., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burgess, J. M., ... Yang, Z. (2012). Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12. Astrophysical Journal, 745(2), Article 144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

@article{91be96adc603426b9520ce1fcf891bbd,

title = "Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12",

abstract = "The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M2-class solar flare, SOL2010-06-12T00:57, was modest in many respects yet exhibited remarkable acceleration of energetic particles. The flare produced an 50s impulsive burst of hard X- and γ-ray emission up to at least 400MeV observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope experiments. The remarkably similar hard X-ray and high-energy γ-ray time profiles suggest that most of the particles were accelerated to energies ≳300MeV with a delay of 10s from mildly relativistic electrons, but some reached these energies in as little as ∼ 3s. The γ-ray line fluence from this flare was about 10 times higher than that typically observed from this modest GOES class of X-ray flare. There is no evidence for time-extended >100MeV emission as has been found for other flares with high-energy γ-rays.",

keywords = "acceleration of particles Sun: flares Sun: particle emission Sun: X-rays, gamma rays",

author = "M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Allafort and Atwood, {W. B.} and L. Baldini and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and K. Bechtol and R. Bellazzini and Bhat, {P. N.} and Blandford, {R. D.} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, {A. W.} and J. Bregeon and Briggs, {M. S.} and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and Burgess, {J. M.} and S. Buson and Caliandro, {G. A.} and Cameron, {R. A.} and Casandjian, {J. M.} and C. Cecchi and E. Charles and A. Chekhtman and J. Chiang and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and V. Connaughton and J. Conrad and S. Cutini and Dennis, {B. R.} and {De Palma}, F. and Dermer, {C. D.} and Digel, {S. W.} and {Do Couto E Silva}, E. and Drell, {P. S.} and A. Drlica-Wagner and R. Dubois and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, {S. J.} and Ferrara, {E. C.} and P. Fortin and Y. Fukazawa and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and S. Germani and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and L. Grillo and Grove, {J. E.} and D. Gruber and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and M. Hayashida and E. Hays and D. Horan and G. Iafrate and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, {A. S.} and Johnson, {W. N.} and T. Kamae and Kippen, {R. M.} and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and L. Latronico and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, {M. N.} and P. Lubrano and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and McEnery, {J. E.} and C. Meegan and J. Mehault and Michelson, {P. F.} and W. Mitthumsiri and C. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, {I. V.} and S. Murgia and R. Murphy and M. Naumann-Godo and E. Nuss and T. Nymark and M. Ohno and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and N. Omodei and E. Orlando and Paciesas, {W. S.} and Panetta, {J. H.} and D. Parent and M. Pesce-Rollins and V. Petrosian and M. Pierbattista and F. Piron and G. Pivato and H. Poon and Porter, {T. A.} and R. Preece and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and M. Razzano and S. Razzaque and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and S. Ritz and C. Sbarra and Schwartz, {R. A.} and C. Sgr{\`o} and Share, {G. H.} and Siskind, {E. J.} and P. Spinelli and H. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Y. Tanaka and Thayer, {J. B.} and L. Tibaldo and M. Tinivella and Tolbert, {A. K.} and G. Tosti and E. Troja and Y. Uchiyama and Usher, {T. L.} and J. Vandenbroucke and V. Vasileiou and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and {Von Kienlin}, A. and Waite, {A. P.} and C. Wilson-Hodge and Wood, {D. L.} and Wood, {K. S.} and Z. Yang",

year = "2012",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144",

language = "English",

volume = "745",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Allafort, A, Atwood, WB, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Bhat, PN, Blandford, RD, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bregeon, J, Briggs, MS, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Burgess, JM, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Casandjian, JM, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Connaughton, V, Conrad, J, Cutini, S, Dennis, BR, De Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Digel, SW, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Dubois, R, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Fortin, P, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grillo, L, Grove, JE, Gruber, D, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Iafrate, G, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Johnson, WN, Kamae, T, Kippen, RM, Knödlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Meegan, C, Mehault, J, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Murphy, R, Naumann-Godo, M, Nuss, E, Nymark, T, Ohno, M, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Paciesas, WS, Panetta, JH, Parent, D, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrosian, V, Pierbattista, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Poon, H, Porter, TA, Preece, R, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Ritz, S, Sbarra, C, Schwartz, RA, Sgrò, C, Share, GH, Siskind, EJ, Spinelli, P, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Tanaka, Y, Thayer, JB, Tibaldo, L, Tinivella, M, Tolbert, AK, Tosti, G, Troja, E, Uchiyama, Y, Usher, TL, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Von Kienlin, A, Waite, AP, Wilson-Hodge, C, Wood, DL, Wood, KS & Yang, Z 2012, 'Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 745, no. 2, 144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Allafort, A.

AU - Atwood, W. B.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Bhat, P. N.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Borgland, A. W.

AU - Bregeon, J.

AU - Briggs, M. S.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buehler, R.

AU - Burgess, J. M.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Casandjian, J. M.

AU - Cecchi, C.

AU - Charles, E.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Chiang, J.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - Connaughton, V.

AU - Conrad, J.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - Dennis, B. R.

AU - De Palma, F.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - Digel, S. W.

AU - Do Couto E Silva, E.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Dubois, R.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Fortin, P.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Grillo, L.

AU - Grove, J. E.

AU - Gruber, D.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Iafrate, G.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, A. S.

AU - Johnson, W. N.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Kippen, R. M.

AU - Knödlseder, J.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Lande, J.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lott, B.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Meegan, C.

AU - Mehault, J.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Murphy, R.

AU - Naumann-Godo, M.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Nymark, T.

AU - Ohno, M.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Okumura, A.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Paciesas, W. S.

AU - Panetta, J. H.

AU - Parent, D.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Petrosian, V.

AU - Pierbattista, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Pivato, G.

AU - Poon, H.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Preece, R.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Razzaque, S.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Ritz, S.

AU - Sbarra, C.

AU - Schwartz, R. A.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Share, G. H.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Tanaka, Y.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Tibaldo, L.

AU - Tinivella, M.

AU - Tolbert, A. K.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Uchiyama, Y.

AU - Usher, T. L.

AU - Vandenbroucke, J.

AU - Vasileiou, V.

AU - Vianello, G.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Von Kienlin, A.

AU - Waite, A. P.

AU - Wilson-Hodge, C.

AU - Wood, D. L.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Yang, Z.

PY - 2012/2/1

Y1 - 2012/2/1

N2 - The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M2-class solar flare, SOL2010-06-12T00:57, was modest in many respects yet exhibited remarkable acceleration of energetic particles. The flare produced an 50s impulsive burst of hard X- and γ-ray emission up to at least 400MeV observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope experiments. The remarkably similar hard X-ray and high-energy γ-ray time profiles suggest that most of the particles were accelerated to energies ≳300MeV with a delay of 10s from mildly relativistic electrons, but some reached these energies in as little as ∼ 3s. The γ-ray line fluence from this flare was about 10 times higher than that typically observed from this modest GOES class of X-ray flare. There is no evidence for time-extended >100MeV emission as has been found for other flares with high-energy γ-rays.

AB - The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M2-class solar flare, SOL2010-06-12T00:57, was modest in many respects yet exhibited remarkable acceleration of energetic particles. The flare produced an 50s impulsive burst of hard X- and γ-ray emission up to at least 400MeV observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope experiments. The remarkably similar hard X-ray and high-energy γ-ray time profiles suggest that most of the particles were accelerated to energies ≳300MeV with a delay of 10s from mildly relativistic electrons, but some reached these energies in as little as ∼ 3s. The γ-ray line fluence from this flare was about 10 times higher than that typically observed from this modest GOES class of X-ray flare. There is no evidence for time-extended >100MeV emission as has been found for other flares with high-energy γ-rays.

KW - acceleration of particles Sun: flares Sun: particle emission Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84859899149&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/144

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84859899149

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 745

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 144

ER -

Fermi detection of γ-ray emission from the M2 soft x-ray flare on 2010 June 12

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