Enhancing water permeability in thin-film nanocomposite membranes utilizing electrospun recycled PET and graphene oxide

Addressing the challenge of low permeability in Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFNC) membranes is crucial for improving water filtration efficiency. Despite advancements in membrane technology, the interface between the substrate and active layer remains a critical research gap affecting overall permeability. This study aims to fill this gap using electrospun recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) substrates combined with graphene oxide (GO). A vacuum-assisted self-assembly method was employed to coat microporous rPET substrates with GO. Extensive characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses, demonstrated the uniform GO layer formation on rPET substrates, indicating enhanced structural and operational efficiency. The integration of GO resulted in a crystalline structure modification, improved surface morphology, and increased water permeability. The optimized rPET-GO membranes showcased a significant decrease in water contact angle to approximately 93 degrees, denoting enhanced hydrophilicity and, consequently, better permeability compared to uncoated rPET membranes. Despite increased hydrophilicity, the membranes exhibited reduced but stable permeability rates, highlighting the effectiveness of the GO and rPET blend in advancing membrane functionality. These findings mark a significant advancement in membrane technology, offering enhanced water permeability efficiency and paving the way for a substantial impact on sustainable water management. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of recycling in developing advanced materials for environmental applications.