Enhancing the performance of MoO₃-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: spinel CuMoO₃ vs non-spinel CuO–MoO₃

Developing efficient and sustainable energy storage devices is crucial for advancing mobile electronics and electric vehicles. While lithium-ion batteries currently dominate the market, their limitations have prompted the exploration of alternative technologies. This study investigates the potential of CuMoO₄ spinel nanomaterials as cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. By combining the unique properties of copper and molybdenum oxide into spinel form, we aim to enhance charge transfer kinetics and stability, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional CuO–MoO₃ composite electrodes. The CuMoO₄ electrode delivered a specific capacity of 873 mAhg⁻¹ at 1 A/g and maintained 612 mAhg⁻¹ even at a high current density of 10 Ag⁻¹ Additionally, the spinel electrode retained 94% of its initial capacity after 2000 cycles at 1 Ag⁻¹, demonstrating remarkable stability.