Efficacy of three different laser wavelengths for in vitro wound healing

Background and objective: Despite contradictory reports on the effect of laser light on cell proliferation, studies have shown that appropriate doses and wavelengths of laser light are therapeutically beneficial in tissue repair and pain control. This study aimed to establish if the dose and/or wavelength influenced the biological responses of irradiated in vitro fibroblasts -1 h after laser irradiation. Materials and methods: This study aimed to establish cellular responses of normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts to helium-neon (632.8 nm), diode (830 nm) and Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation using one exposure of 5 or 16 J/cm² on day 1 and again on day 4. Results: Wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm² using 632.8nm showed an increase in cell migration and haptotaxis, a stable increase in the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a decrease in caspase 3/7 activity, an increase in ATP viability and an increase in cell proliferation -1h after the final exposure. The results confirm that changes in parameters such as ATP viability, cytokine expression (IL-6), cell proliferation (alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity) and DNA damage can be observed directly after the laser irradiation. The amount of DNA damage and cytotoxicity may be related to duration of the laser irradiation, which is dependent on the power density (mW/cm²) of each laser. Conclusion: The results indicate that 5 J/cm² using 632.8 nm results in a stimulatory effect that is more effective than 830 and 1064 nm. The results suggest possible mechanisms by which the wavelength may potentially influence the cellular responses of wounded cells.