@inproceedings{628d0bbfc1524dc3b7a478352b625919,
title = "Effect of Tempering Variables on Mechanical Properties of P91 Martensitic Steel and Determination of Hollomon–Jaffe Parameter",
abstract = "The P91 martensitic steel is one of the most extensively used materials in engineering applications which is used to completely transform into martensite during normalizing. In the present investigation, P91 martensitic steel samples were subjected to “tempering” using a muffle furnace. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showed an increased peak intensity and displacement of peak angles with increasing tempering temperature (tempering-T) and holding time which indicated that the martensitic lattice was in a stressed state because of carbon saturation. An increasing peak for precipitates with an increasing tempering temperature and time (tempering-TT) was also obtained. A decrease in hardness and an increase in the impact toughness with increasing tempering-T were observed during tempering. For a given tempering temperature, the hardness decreased with holding time and it reciprocated to nearly constant values indicating that the equilibrium condition was also reciprocating. However, the impact toughness of the material was increased with tempering-T and holding time but did not reciprocate to constant/nearly constant which indicated that the equilibrium envisages impact toughness was not achieved. The volumetric fractions of precipitates of carbides/nitrides were also higher at the elevated tempering-T, and for a given temperature, it increased with time. The hardness was decreased and impact toughness was increased with increasing Hollomon–Jaffe tempering parameter. The equivalent hardness–toughness values were obtained after tempering at different conditions considering closer values of the Hollomon–Jaffe tempering parameter and a specific hardness was obtained at a combination of lower tempering-T and holding time (of 60 min) provided the similar tempering parameter considering the equivalent (to hardness) impact toughness (of 172 J) when tempering was done at the higher temperature for 10 min.",
keywords = "Austenitizing, Hardness, Hollomon–Jaffe parameter, Impact toughness, Tempering",
author = "Tembwa, {Elysee Nzita} and Makhatha, {M. E.} and Pawan Kumar and Srijan Sengupta and Singh, {Ankit Dev}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.; 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICAMMT 2022 ; Conference date: 22-11-2022 Through 26-11-2022",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-981-99-2921-4_5",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789819929207",
series = "Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "45--53",
editor = "Nayak, {Ramesh Kumar} and Pradhan, {Mohan Kumar} and Animesh Mandal and Davim, {J. Paulo}",
booktitle = "Recent Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technology - Select Proceedings of ICAMMT 2022",
address = "Germany",
}