Effect of Supply Chain Flexibility and Supply Chain Endurance on Supply Chain Resilience in Extreme Weather Events: An Empirical Study

Climate change has underscored the critical importance of supply chain resilience for businesses. In this study, we investigate the relationship among supply chain flexibility, endurance, and resilience, and the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty through an empirical approach. To be specific, we collected 432 responses from surveys and tested the hypotheses through structural equation modeling. Findings show that the multidimensional supply chain flexibility (comprising supplier flexibility, internal flexibility, and customer flexibility) has a positive and significant relationship with supply chain resilience. In addition, supply chain endurance is instrumental in enabling supply chain flexibility to attain supply chain resilience. Furthermore, the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty is supported. The findings are also validated through a robustness test. This study is the first to consider supply chain endurance as a mediator between supply chain flexibility and supply chain resilience. We also discuss the implications for managers and policymakers in developing supply chain resilience against extreme weather.