Effect of Common Cooking and Drying Methods on Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Corchorus olitorius Identified Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

In this study, Corchorus olitorius leaves were subjected to different thermal treatments (blanching, boiling, drying, frying, and steaming) and analyzed, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups, while metabolites were identified with LC-MC. The TPC and antioxidant activity of C. olitorius were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by cooking and drying. The steam-cooked sample had the highest TPC (18.89 mg GAE/g) and TFC (78.42 mg QE/g). With ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays, the steam-cooked sample exhibited the highest antioxidant activity of 119.58, 167.31, and 122.23 µM TE/g, respectively. LC-MS identified forty-two (42) metabolites in C. olitorius that included phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoid derivatives, and amino acid derivatives. Overall, steaming appears to be the best cooking method, with respect to the retention of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity.