Development of a Validated Numerical Model of an Unreinforced T-section Pipe for Large Dams

This paper reports on the development of a validated numerical model (using 3-D finite element method (FEM)) of an unreinforced T-section pipe. Pipe profiling severely compromises the localized performance of the T-section pipe. The main objective was to develop a less conservative tool to investigate the key factors that influence failure in T-section pipes. Strain gauges were mounted on the T-section to capture the induced strains as the pressure was gradually increased until the pipe burst. The executed FEM analysis provided comparable results to the experimental measurements which provided a cost effective tool to validate the numerical model. This result allows for better placement of branch piece reinforcements based on experimentally obtained results. The developed tool c be used to optimize the design and sizing of reinforcing crotch plates.