Cybersecurity-Aware Control of Conventional Power Sources Integrated with Smart Grid Architectures

New challenges have emerged that add to the integration of traditional power sources and smart grid framework, especially with ever-evolving threats to cybersecurity.As a result, this paper looks at a new strategy for enhanced resilience and operational efficiency in the face of cyber security threats to conventional grid operation: the Cybersecurity-Aware Control model of Application Protocol Data Units (CAPDU).Using (MPC) Model Predictive Control and an ensemble-based machine learning detection system, the framework was tested against multiple attack scenarios in the IEEE39 bus case - such as Fake Data Injection (FDI) or Denial of Service (DoS).Results showed significant achievements across key performance metrics. Not only did the voltage and frequency deviations fall off by more than 70%, but economic dispatching error were reduced 1.8% from 8.6% Energy Not Served (ENS) also dropped by over 80%.The model has an 98.6% rate of detection with a false positive rate within 1.4%. Time to respond to threats is below one second.More importantly, resilience of power sources improved with lower Recovery Time Objectives and higher Power Restoration Indices.How does the entire system stand up? Indexes at various levels - for example Renewable Accommodation Rate (RAR) and Cybersecurity Performance Index (CPI) - all show that the cyber-aware smart grid is more stable and secure for sure than ever before.The reality is that cyber security must be built into the very core of control systems for smart grid.The proposed framework doesn't just protect against cyber threats, it also strengthens energy optimization and reliability for the grid, moving us closer to a secure & more efficient electricity infrastructure.