Coupling Structural Electromagnetic Statistical Model for Analyzing Antenna Array Performance Sensitivity to Distortion at Millimeter-wave

Modern wireless communication systems rely heavily on millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna arrays because they provide high data rate and enhanced spectrum capability. On the other hand, structural deformations, such as mechanical distortions and environmental factors causes a significant impact on the characteristics of millimeter-wave antenna array. These distortions can result in variations in radiation patterns and beamforming properties. Using a combined structural-electromagnetic statistical paradigm, we give a detailed sensitivity examination of antenna array at mmWave band to structural deformation in this paper. The developed model evaluates the effect of structural deformations on the characteristics and behavior of antenna arrays at mmWave by hybridizing electromagnetic simulations with structural analysis techniques. Furthermore, the random element positioning in the model facilitates the sensitivity analysis of radiation pattern to structural distortion. Illustrating the developed model application, a 10 × 10 microstrip patch antenna array in proof-of-concept is designed to access the model's efficiency with saddle shape distortion and random position inaccuracy. When the model's output is compared against the HFSS software, which is the traditionally acceptable results, a good correlation between the two results is observed. The findings indicate the sidelobe level and gain fluctuation for different distortion levels and random errors, respectively. The findings offer a manual for the development, implementation, and enhancement of millimeter-wave communication networks in practical settings.