Correlates of Eccentric Metrics and Sprint Acceleration and Deceleration Performance in University Athletes

Background: Sprint performance, including acceleration, maximal velocity and deceleration, is crucial for athletic success in field and court-based sports; however, deceleration remains understudied despite its role in change of direction (COD) and match performance. Methods: This study addressed this gap by comparing eccentric metrics from countermovement jumps (CMJ), drop jumps (DJ) and the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) to 30 m sprint and deceleration ability in 28 university athletes (Age: 20 ± 1 years; Mass: 68 ± 9 kg; Height:166 ± 6 cm). Correlations were analysed with Pearson’s r for normal data and Spearman’s r for non-normal data. Results: Significant negative correlations were found between the CMJ and DJ heights and the modified reactive strength index (RSI_MOD), as well as the reactive strength index (RSI) with sprint time (r = −0.54 to −0.83, p < 0.05), while positive correlations were obtained with sprint velocity (r = 0.57 to 0.83, p < 0.05). The eccentric mean forces from CMJs and DJs were positively correlated with sprint time and deceleration momentum (r = 0.62 to 0.84, p < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between NHE eccentric force and any sprint or deceleration metrics. The CMJ and DJ heights, RSI and eccentric mean forces strongly predicted sprint time, velocity, and momentum, but not deceleration performance, highlighting the role of explosive power and reactive strength. The NHE eccentric force had no significant relationships with sprint or deceleration metrics. Conclusions: These results highlight that CMJ and DJ are effective predictors of sprint performance, while deceleration efficiency may rely on other biomechanical factors.