Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents

J. K. Nyembwe; Mamookho E. Makhatha; T. Madzivhandila; K. D. Nyembwe

Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents

J. K. Nyembwe, Mamookho E. Makhatha, T. Madzivhandila, K. D. Nyembwe

Metallurgy

University of Johannesburg

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Waste foundry sands are invariably contaminated to some extent during the manufacturing of cast alloys. As such the sand is regarded as a hazardous material that requires exceptional precautions for its disposal. Therefore, the study is initiated to identify, quantify and to classify metallic contaminants present in these sands. To achieve these objectives in conjunction with the South African Waste Management Act which plays as the guide line for industrial waste disposal, samples were collected from various South African foundries. In the present study, ten waste sand samples were characterised using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and Sulphur analyser. It was found after comparison with a virgin sand used as control or reference sand, that the cast alloy and the moulding additives are the main pollutants present in the waste foundry sand. The additional sulphur and acid potential characterisation, showed that the waste foundry sand has a low potential for sulphuric acid and acid sulphate soil formation when submerged in aquatic medium. The leaching behaviour and the total metallic concentration of the waste was similar to the virgin soil thus their similar classification in the same waste class category.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015
Editors	Jamal Chaouki, Yuyuan Zhao
Publisher	Avestia Publishing
ISBN (Print)	9781927877173
Publication status	Published - 2015
Event	World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015 - Barcelona, Spain Duration: 20 Jul 2015 → 21 Jul 2015

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering
ISSN (Electronic)	2369-8136

Conference

Conference	World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015
Country/Territory	Spain
City	Barcelona
Period	20/07/15 → 21/07/15

Keywords

Characterisation
Foundry Waste
Pollutants
Sand
Toxicity Leach Procedure

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Mechanical Engineering
Mechanics of Materials
General Chemical Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Cite this

Nyembwe, J. K., Makhatha, M. E., Madzivhandila, T., & Nyembwe, K. D. (2015). Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents. In J. Chaouki, & Y. Zhao (Eds.), Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015 (Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering). Avestia Publishing.

Nyembwe, J. K. ; Makhatha, Mamookho E. ; Madzivhandila, T. et al. / Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand : Metallic Contaminents. Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015. editor / Jamal Chaouki ; Yuyuan Zhao. Avestia Publishing, 2015. (Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering).

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title = "Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents",

abstract = "Waste foundry sands are invariably contaminated to some extent during the manufacturing of cast alloys. As such the sand is regarded as a hazardous material that requires exceptional precautions for its disposal. Therefore, the study is initiated to identify, quantify and to classify metallic contaminants present in these sands. To achieve these objectives in conjunction with the South African Waste Management Act which plays as the guide line for industrial waste disposal, samples were collected from various South African foundries. In the present study, ten waste sand samples were characterised using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and Sulphur analyser. It was found after comparison with a virgin sand used as control or reference sand, that the cast alloy and the moulding additives are the main pollutants present in the waste foundry sand. The additional sulphur and acid potential characterisation, showed that the waste foundry sand has a low potential for sulphuric acid and acid sulphate soil formation when submerged in aquatic medium. The leaching behaviour and the total metallic concentration of the waste was similar to the virgin soil thus their similar classification in the same waste class category.",

keywords = "Characterisation, Foundry Waste, Pollutants, Sand, Toxicity Leach Procedure",

author = "Nyembwe, {J. K.} and Makhatha, {Mamookho E.} and T. Madzivhandila and Nyembwe, {K. D.}",

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series = "Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering",

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Nyembwe, JK, Makhatha, ME , Madzivhandila, T & Nyembwe, KD 2015, Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents. in J Chaouki & Y Zhao (eds), Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015. Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, Avestia Publishing, World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015, Barcelona, Spain, 20/07/15.

Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents. / Nyembwe, J. K.; Makhatha, Mamookho E.; Madzivhandila, T. et al.
Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015. ed. / Jamal Chaouki; Yuyuan Zhao. Avestia Publishing, 2015. (Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand

T2 - World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015

AU - Nyembwe, J. K.

AU - Makhatha, Mamookho E.

AU - Madzivhandila, T.

AU - Nyembwe, K. D.

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - Waste foundry sands are invariably contaminated to some extent during the manufacturing of cast alloys. As such the sand is regarded as a hazardous material that requires exceptional precautions for its disposal. Therefore, the study is initiated to identify, quantify and to classify metallic contaminants present in these sands. To achieve these objectives in conjunction with the South African Waste Management Act which plays as the guide line for industrial waste disposal, samples were collected from various South African foundries. In the present study, ten waste sand samples were characterised using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and Sulphur analyser. It was found after comparison with a virgin sand used as control or reference sand, that the cast alloy and the moulding additives are the main pollutants present in the waste foundry sand. The additional sulphur and acid potential characterisation, showed that the waste foundry sand has a low potential for sulphuric acid and acid sulphate soil formation when submerged in aquatic medium. The leaching behaviour and the total metallic concentration of the waste was similar to the virgin soil thus their similar classification in the same waste class category.

AB - Waste foundry sands are invariably contaminated to some extent during the manufacturing of cast alloys. As such the sand is regarded as a hazardous material that requires exceptional precautions for its disposal. Therefore, the study is initiated to identify, quantify and to classify metallic contaminants present in these sands. To achieve these objectives in conjunction with the South African Waste Management Act which plays as the guide line for industrial waste disposal, samples were collected from various South African foundries. In the present study, ten waste sand samples were characterised using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and Sulphur analyser. It was found after comparison with a virgin sand used as control or reference sand, that the cast alloy and the moulding additives are the main pollutants present in the waste foundry sand. The additional sulphur and acid potential characterisation, showed that the waste foundry sand has a low potential for sulphuric acid and acid sulphate soil formation when submerged in aquatic medium. The leaching behaviour and the total metallic concentration of the waste was similar to the virgin soil thus their similar classification in the same waste class category.

KW - Characterisation

KW - Foundry Waste

KW - Pollutants

KW - Sand

KW - Toxicity Leach Procedure

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M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85146708013

SN - 9781927877173

T3 - Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

BT - Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015

A2 - Chaouki, Jamal

A2 - Zhao, Yuyuan

PB - Avestia Publishing

Y2 - 20 July 2015 through 21 July 2015

ER -

Nyembwe JK, Makhatha ME , Madzivhandila T , Nyembwe KD. Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents. In Chaouki J, Zhao Y, editors, Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, MCM 2015. Avestia Publishing. 2015. (Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering).

Characterisation of South African Waste Foundry Moulding Sand: Metallic Contaminents

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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