CeO₂-encapsulated metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties and catalytic applications

Encapsulation of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted researchers due to the formation of highly stable, selective, and active catalysts. Although many metal oxides have been investigated for the encapsulation of MNPs, ceria (CeO₂) has received significant attention due to its unique properties, such as being highly stable, low-cost, and capability of producing active oxygen. Its specific electronic configuration makes it a unique material for oxygen production. Depending on the application, different methods for encapsulating MNPs by CeO₂ have been developed. The current review presents the various fabrication methods used to date for encapsulating MNPs by CeO₂ nanoshells, as well as their catalytic applications, with an emphasis on defect chemistry and oxygen storage capacity. The review begins with an overview and discussion of the synthetic methods for encapsulating MNPs in CeO₂ before moving on to the electrocatalytic applications of CeO₂- encapsulated MNPs. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the review and addresses current research challenges and future research development opportunities in this field.