Blockchain-Enabled Cyber Security Framework for Enhanced Transactions in Distributed Smart Grid Infrastructure with Wind Farm Energy Source

Wind farm energy is gaining popularity as a sought-after energy source for smart grid integration (Musleh et al. 2019). As smart grid technology continues to evolve and renewable energy adoption increases, wind farm power is poised to play an increasingly significant role in the global energy transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system. However, while the smart grid offers solutions to various challenges present in traditional grid systems, it encounters several security threats due to the integration of communication within the power infrastructure, thereby exposing the system to numerous risks (El Mrabet et al. 2018). In addition, a breach in the smart grid's security could disrupt power supply, compromise grid operations and potentially cause widespread damage. Although, there are existing security measures that focus on mitigating some specific attacks or protecting some specific components, but there is no reliable approach which combines advanced technologies solutions to secure the entire system (Gunduz and Das 2020). Moreover, there are limited studies that focus on mitigating security threats encountered in integrating smart grids with wind farms energy source (Tufail et al. 2021). These challenges pose extreme pressure on finding advanced technologies and sustainable solutions for secure and reliable operations of the smart grid powered by wind farm energy source. Hence, this study attempts to address these challenges by reviewing the evolution, benefits and various security threats associated with the phenomenon of integrating smart grids with wind farms energy source with the aim of developing a blockchain enabled cyber security framework for smart grid infrastructure. Specifically, the paper demonstrates how blockchain can be utilized as part of the mitigation process for securing threats associated with smart grids powered by wind farm energy source. In this perspective, this study relies on secondary data drawn from reputable and diverse range of sources, including research publications, books, and reports from relevant international organizations and government sources.