Biological carbon sequestration through fruit crops (perennial crops-natural "sponges" for absorbing carbon dioxide from atmosphere)

Rapid increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere associated with other greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), since the industrial revolution is a major concern with respect to its impact on climate change. Therefore, there is an urgency to adopt effective measures for mitigating the threat of global climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major contributing gas to the greenhouse effect. So, Carbon sequestration is a natural method for the removal of carbon from the atmosphere by storing it in the biosphere. The atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored in plants, soils, oceans, or atmosphere in the forms of biomass by photosynthesis process. The removal of atmospheric CO2 by increasing the assimilation of CO2 with terrestrial vegetation, retaining carbon and enhancing the transformation of atmospheric carbon to plant biomass and soil organic matter along with reducing GHG emission has become a worldwide strategy to mitigate climate change. However, the efficiency of carbon sequestration by various vegetations (Carbon dioxide is absorbed by trees, plants and crops through photosynthesis and stored as carbon in biomass in tree trunks, branches, foliage and roots and soils) and management in various systems differs greatly due to their physiological characteristics, growth rates, biomass accumulation, and environmental factors.