Beyond the Swipe: A Review of Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Biocompatible Touchscreen Technology

The rise of touchscreen devices revolutionized human interaction with technology, seamlessly connecting people and making operations functional. However, frequent use - especially in public settings - raises huge hygiene concerns because touchscreens have become hotspots for transmitting various pathogens. This has driven the necessity for antimicrobial solutions, bringing about the development of photocatalytic materials that use light-activated mechanisms for continuously sterilizing surfaces. This review discusses recent developments in the incorporation of antimicrobial nanomaterials onto touchscreens. Therefore, emphasizing carbon-doped zinc oxide, biocompatible Metallic Organic Frameworks (MOFs), polymer-encapsulated photocatalyst nanoparticles, and self-healing photocatalytic coatings, as an alternative to Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), due to their unique potential to inactivate microorganisms in ambient or UV light without impairing optical transparency and sensitivity to the touchscreen. Further, this review covers these materials’ persistent environmental and human health impacts, addressing the safety concerns associated with prolonged exposure. A discussion on breakthroughs, case studies and ongoing challenges alike, this review will set a high bar for the inspiration of photocatalytic antimicrobial technologies in mitigation against public health risks from touchscreen contamination, thus developing safer, more hygienic devices. Giving insights into the challenges and future directions of incorporating these materials into touchscreens without compromising their optical transparency, durability, or sensitivity.