Assessment of household energy poverty levels in Louiville, Mpumalanga, South Africa

In this paper, an assessment of the extent of household energy poverty and the implications of socio-economic status of the households in Louiville (a rural settlement in Mpumalanga province, South Africa) is made. In total 165 households were sampled over the course of two years. A survey was conducted from a sample of 165 households recording objective data of energy expenses and subjective data about households' satisfaction with current energy sources versus what they can afford vis-à-vis their income. Using the objective approach, the results indicated the aggravation of energy poverty in over 84% (n= 138) of the households, resulting from both the escalation of energy prices and low household income. Among the households under the poverty threshold, high dependence on traditional fuels including wood, coal, and candles was noted for cooking, heating and illumination purposes. The subjective indicator analysis showed that, although most households use traditional fuels for cooking and heating, over 91% of these households are not satisfied with their current energy sources. In conclusion, the establishment of affordable energy tariffs for the poor and in a long run, job creation can address several energy inequalities in the poor settlement.