Artificial mussels as indicators of metal pollution in freshwater systems: A field evaluation in the Koekemoer Spruit, South Africa

There has been a recent increase in water quality problems in South Africa. The monitoring of water resources is important for the continued management of water resources. The use of artificial mussels (AMs) as passive sampling devices in the monitoring of metals within a freshwater system was evaluated in a recent field study. Correlation testing was conducted between the AMs and Melanoides tuberculata for As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, U, V and Zn. It was found that a positive significant correlation exists between AMs and M. tuberculata with regards to As, U, and Co accumulations. The trend of metal accumulation between AMs and M. tuberculata were found to be similar for all of the metals tested. Site 2 which is located close to a gold mine, was found to have the highest metal concentrations in this study. This study confirms the hypothesis that AMs can be used as a useful tool for monitoring metals in freshwater.