TY - CHAP
T1 - Application of Surface-Modified Electrode Materials in Wastewater Treatment
AU - Ama, Onoyivwe Monday
AU - Khoele, Khotso
AU - Govender, Penny Poomani
AU - Ray, Suprakas Sinha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Photo-active metal oxides (PMOs) have outstanding physical and chemical properties which are ideal to disintegrate wastewater pollutants. Titanium oxide (TiO2) initially found popularity in wastewater treatment. TiO2 utilization on wastewater degradation was attributed particularly to its wider bandgap. Nonetheless, TiO2 retains antibacterial activity during the application and that renders it to rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. In a subsequent search of alternative PMO, zinc oxide (ZnO) was obtained, and it was found to have a wider bandgap equivalent to that of TiO2. However, ZnO suffers from photo-corrosion and poor response to visible light. This rigorously proved that an application of a single PMO leads to both inefficiency and ineffectiveness in wastewater treatment. This phenomenon necessitates the hybridization of photocatalysts and improvement of their surface properties. The present chapter details organic pollutants which are found in wastewater and the methods which are used to remove them from the wastewater. Further discussions are made intensively on photocatalysis and advance oxidation methods. Furthermore, photocatalysts and their advancements are clearly stated and elaborated. Finally, surface-modified photoanodes and their applications using the photoelectrochemical technique have been thoroughly explained. From overall analyses, several deductions have been documented: POMs on their singular existence are packed with pros and cons, and that makes wastewater treatment dynamic.AOMs, particularly the photoelectrochemical technique, are worthwhile for the degradation of wastewater pollutants.Factors that affect degradation processes on wastewater pollutants include light captivation properties, reduction and oxidation rates on the surface by the photogenerated electrons and holes and a recombination rate of such charges.Surface modification of photoanodes is carried through nanostructured materials, the addition of metals particularly noble ones such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and through the use of novel titanium alloys and cubic double-perovskite.
AB - Photo-active metal oxides (PMOs) have outstanding physical and chemical properties which are ideal to disintegrate wastewater pollutants. Titanium oxide (TiO2) initially found popularity in wastewater treatment. TiO2 utilization on wastewater degradation was attributed particularly to its wider bandgap. Nonetheless, TiO2 retains antibacterial activity during the application and that renders it to rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. In a subsequent search of alternative PMO, zinc oxide (ZnO) was obtained, and it was found to have a wider bandgap equivalent to that of TiO2. However, ZnO suffers from photo-corrosion and poor response to visible light. This rigorously proved that an application of a single PMO leads to both inefficiency and ineffectiveness in wastewater treatment. This phenomenon necessitates the hybridization of photocatalysts and improvement of their surface properties. The present chapter details organic pollutants which are found in wastewater and the methods which are used to remove them from the wastewater. Further discussions are made intensively on photocatalysis and advance oxidation methods. Furthermore, photocatalysts and their advancements are clearly stated and elaborated. Finally, surface-modified photoanodes and their applications using the photoelectrochemical technique have been thoroughly explained. From overall analyses, several deductions have been documented: POMs on their singular existence are packed with pros and cons, and that makes wastewater treatment dynamic.AOMs, particularly the photoelectrochemical technique, are worthwhile for the degradation of wastewater pollutants.Factors that affect degradation processes on wastewater pollutants include light captivation properties, reduction and oxidation rates on the surface by the photogenerated electrons and holes and a recombination rate of such charges.Surface modification of photoanodes is carried through nanostructured materials, the addition of metals particularly noble ones such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and through the use of novel titanium alloys and cubic double-perovskite.
KW - Applications
KW - Dyes
KW - Environment
KW - Photoanodes
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126644990&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-85555-0_6
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-85555-0_6
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85126644990
T3 - Engineering Materials
SP - 107
EP - 119
BT - Engineering Materials
PB - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
ER -