Application of Pure and Modified Polyvinylidene Fluoride Materials for Wastewater Treatment Using UASB Reactor Technologies: A Review

Wastewater treatment is now required because of the problems caused by water constraints. Wastewater is anaerobically digested to produce biogas, which can be used as a source of energy for things like lighting and heating. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor has been recognized as an important wastewater treatment technology among anaerobic treatment methods. Although their treated effluent typically does not meet most discharge criteria, UASB reactors are generally stated to have a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction ranging from 60 to 90% for most types of wastewater. In comparison to traditional anaerobic procedures, anaerobic municipal wastewater treatment using membranes can produce higher effluent quality in terms of COD, suspended solids (SSs) and pathogen counts, as well as a steady treatment performance to fulfill strict discharge regulations. The objective of this review was to perform a literature review on parameters to consider when selecting a membrane to include in a UASB reactor. Membranes that are available in the market were compared in terms of both physical and chemical properties. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were found be superior to the others, and their modification also reduced the fouling propensity. When comparing modified PVDF (PVDF/PVDF-g-PEGMA) to pristine PVDF (116 L·m⁻² h⁻¹), a higher pure water flux (5170 L·m⁻² h⁻¹) was noted. The main drawback of such modifications could significantly increase the final membrane production costs. Research is still lacking when it comes to research on comparing the membranes and PVDF and UASB reactor technology interaction, including effects of its modification as discussed (stability, longevity of improved flux, etc.