Application of palladium nanoparticles supported on ordered mesoporous oxides for C-N and C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C coupling reactions in water

This study sought to synthesize supported palladium nanocatalysts that are, in general, convenient to synthesize, suitable for mild conditions, recyclable, and stable in water. The sol-gel procedure was successfully extended to synthesize mesoporous metal oxides with well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles. The resulting catalysts were extensively characterized using techniques such as TEM, powder XRD, SEM-EDX, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET surface area measurements. The catalytic activity of the prepared heterogeneous palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous oxides was investigated in terms of C-N and C C coupling reactions, yielding products of alkynes and N-arylamines. Specifically, alkynes were effectively cross-coupled with various aryl iodides and aryl bromides, yielding diaryl alkynes with high efficiency and minimal catalyst loss. Similarly, the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction produced its desired products with high selectivity and yield.