TY - JOUR
T1 - Antifungal Properties of Nanosilver Clay Composites Against Fungal Pathogens of Agaricus bisporus
AU - Ramakutoane, Tebogo Levy
AU - Roux-van der Merwe, Magaretha Petronella
AU - Badenhorst, Jacqueline
AU - Kesavan Pillai, Sreejarani
AU - Ray, Suprakas Sinha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. ChemistrySelect published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2023/9/26
Y1 - 2023/9/26
N2 - This study aimed to determine the possible control of selected pathogenic and competitive fungi of A. bisporus by three nanosilver clay composites and establish the effective concentrations of the composites for inhibiting pathogens. Nanosilver (AgNPs) clay (zeolite, montmorillonite, and palygorskite) composites were synthesized by a microwave-assisted surface functionalization technique, and various techniques characterized the products. Zeolite and montmorillonite composites showed uniformly distributed spherical AgNPs with an average size of 3.33 nm and 2.85 nm, respectively, whereas palygorskite presented agglomerated and unevenly distributed AgNPs. The influence of the various composites on 9 fungi, including strains of T. aggressivum f. aggressivum, L. fungicola, C. dendroides, and Mycogone sp., was determined in vitro at different concentrations. At 10 mg/mL, AgNP-zeolite and AgNP-montmorillonite inhibited 8 out of 9 pathogens, while AgNP-palygorskite only inhibited 1 pathogen. The nanosilver clay composites tested against A. bisporus revealed no adverse effects on mycelial growth at any concentrations tested. This study confirms that AgNP-zeolite and AgNP-montmorillonite composites have effective antifungal properties and can be used as alternative fungicides against mushroom pathogens without affecting A. bisporus growth. However, further investigation is required to unravel the mechanism of selective antifungal activity observed in this study.
AB - This study aimed to determine the possible control of selected pathogenic and competitive fungi of A. bisporus by three nanosilver clay composites and establish the effective concentrations of the composites for inhibiting pathogens. Nanosilver (AgNPs) clay (zeolite, montmorillonite, and palygorskite) composites were synthesized by a microwave-assisted surface functionalization technique, and various techniques characterized the products. Zeolite and montmorillonite composites showed uniformly distributed spherical AgNPs with an average size of 3.33 nm and 2.85 nm, respectively, whereas palygorskite presented agglomerated and unevenly distributed AgNPs. The influence of the various composites on 9 fungi, including strains of T. aggressivum f. aggressivum, L. fungicola, C. dendroides, and Mycogone sp., was determined in vitro at different concentrations. At 10 mg/mL, AgNP-zeolite and AgNP-montmorillonite inhibited 8 out of 9 pathogens, while AgNP-palygorskite only inhibited 1 pathogen. The nanosilver clay composites tested against A. bisporus revealed no adverse effects on mycelial growth at any concentrations tested. This study confirms that AgNP-zeolite and AgNP-montmorillonite composites have effective antifungal properties and can be used as alternative fungicides against mushroom pathogens without affecting A. bisporus growth. However, further investigation is required to unravel the mechanism of selective antifungal activity observed in this study.
KW - A. bisporus
KW - antifungal properties
KW - mushroom pathogens
KW - Nanosilver clay composites
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171894434&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/slct.202301696
DO - 10.1002/slct.202301696
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85171894434
SN - 2365-6549
VL - 8
JO - ChemistrySelect
JF - ChemistrySelect
IS - 36
M1 - e202301696
ER -