Anticancer photodynamic activities of triphenylphosphine-labelled phthalocyanines and their bovine serum albumin-gold nanoparticles- complexes on melanoma A375 cell lines in vitro

This work reports on the synthesis of triphenylphosphine-labelled cationic phthalocyanines (Pc) complexed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). This nano-complex (Pc-BSA-Au) is studied for its photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity compared to the non-complexed Pc counterpart. The photochemical properties and in vitro PDT efficacies of the Pc and the nano-complex were determined and are compared herein. The singlet oxygen (¹O₂) yields of the Pcs were determined and are reported in DMF. A singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.47 was obtained for the Pcs. The PDT efficacies of the complexes were thereafter determined using malignant melanoma A375 cancer cell line in vitro. An increase in the cell toxicity was observed for cells treated with Pc-BSA-Au compared to those treated with the Pc alone. The cell survival percentages were 23.1% for cells treated with Pc-BSA-Au and 48.7% for those treated with Pc alone under PDT treatments.