Analysis of antioxidant nutrients, anti-HIV and anticancer metabolic fingerprints of Pelargonium quercifolium (L.f) L'Hér

Pelargonium quercifolium is an aromatic herb with a strong resinous scent. It is used traditionally to treat heart disease, hypertension, stress, rheumatism, combat hidden hunger, and inhibit HIV-1. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity, anti-HIV, antioxidant nutrients and anticancer potentials of the ethanol extract of P. quercifolium. In this study, high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-D AD), xCELLigence real-time cell analyser single plate (RTCA-SP), MTT assays and luciferase-based assay were employed to elucidate the phytochemicals, cytotoxicity, anti-HIV, antioxidant nutrients and anticancer metabolites in P. quercifolium. Results show that the characterized metabolites in P. quercifolium most of which were flavonoids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids and coumarins could arrest cancer cell proliferation and inhibit HIV infection given the high level of cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract. It was also observed and reported for the first time, the nutrient profile of P. quercifolium is higher than most vegetables consumed as a staple food. This study underpins the potential of using anticancer and antiviral metabolites from leaf extract of P. quercifolium as a pharmacological option.