An optimization study on a biosynthesized nano-particle and its effect on the performance-emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with parsley biodiesel blend

In this present research work, a central composite design (CCD) embedded in RSM (response surface methodology) was employed to optimize a biodiesel blend containing different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) of a green synthesized nanoparticle. Afterward, the B20 blend (containing the green nanoparticle) with the best performance and emission characteristics was compared with pure diesel fuel. Experiments were performed in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled direct-injection diesel engine. Parsley biodiesel blend (B20) was prepared and the synthesized nanoparticles were dispersed in various proportions (50 and 100 ppm) into the B20 parsley biodiesel blend labeled as B20TNP50 and B20TNP100. The physicochemical properties of the prepared fuels were examined using established methods from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The obtained results showed that the B20TNP50 blend gave the best performance and emission characteristics of 325.862 g/kWh, 28.021%, 5.008 MJ/kW, 0.021 g/kWh, 327.725 g/kWh, 0.0013 g/kWh, and 1.760 g/kWh for brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption, (BSEC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) respectively. Furthermore, when B20TNP50 was compared to pure diesel, BTE and BSEC were increased by 5.7% and 4.62% while BSFC, HC, CO₂, CO, and NOx were reduced by 7.82%, 4.74%, 23.88%, 29.42%, and 21.19%, respectively. Hence, biodiesel made from parsley (B20) with a nano additive (TNP50) can be utilized as an alternative fuel for a green environment.