An Evaluation of Sustainable Development Goal Seven (Affordable and Clean Energy) in Ghana

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were unanimously approved by all member nations of the United Nations, are expected to be implemented by all. One of the critical goals developed was SDG 7, the all-inclusive access to affordable and clean energy for all by 2030. This study critically evaluates the progress of SDG 7 implementation in Ghana. This research paper heavily relies on document analysis and secondary data from sources such as gathering information from credible and up-to-date reports such as the 2021 Voluntary National Review (VNR) and the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) reports etc. Through the combination of policies, projects, and interventions, Ghana has made commendable progress toward realizing SDG 7. However, it is essential to highlight that only one of the five targets associated with SDG 7 has made significant strides. Distinctly, Target 7.1, which seeks to ensure all-inclusive access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030, has achieved an 86.3% attainment nationwide. This research discovered that though substantial advancements have been achieved in the power generation and distribution sector, the same cannot be said for establishing and integrating Renewable Energy sources (REs). The country continues to face significant challenges in adopting Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) and systems, usually stemming from high purchase and installation costs. To attain all the targets outlined in SDG 7 by 2030, stakeholders in the energy sector, particularly the government, must double up efforts in soliciting investment and allocating adequate resources towards the sector.