An Energy-Efficient Clustering Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks to Reduce Hot-Spot Effect and Idle Listening Energy Consumption

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) prove their potential in our daily day-today life. However, due to high congestion, energy management becomes the key challenge for WSNs. To increase the lifespan of WSNs, a unique clustered routing strategy is presented in this study. It offers an effective solution for the hot-spot effect and idle-listening issues. Outcomes help in lessening energy consumption. The developed algorithm is based on the principle of balanced energy consumption. Further, the developed WSN involves a node dormancy mechanism. It requires the energy balance technique using the clustering routing mechanism with distance variance. The design of clustering nodes is based on the master-slave principle, where the formation of clustering relies on node position and residual energy. MATLAB provides the simulation results as energy drop of each node to calculate the battery life. According to the achieved results, the developed algorithm can reduce the decay rate which can further lessen the energy consumption of the network. Moreover, it enhances the throughput and prolongs the network lifetime. The paper provides an energy-efficient clustering approach for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that can directly relate to manufacturing applications by practical solutions to the challenges faced in manufacturing settings, where effective sensor network deployment can lead to significant improvements in production processes and overall operational efficiency.