TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in controller design of pacemakers for pacing control
T2 - A comprehensive review
AU - Dey, Rijhi
AU - Dey, Naiwrita
AU - Dhar, Rudra Sankar
AU - Mondal, Ujjwal
AU - Thanikanti, Sudhakar Babu
AU - Nwulu, Nnamdi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - This paper provides an extensive literature review focusing on the modeling of artificial pacemakers and the various mechanisms employed for their pacing control. In this survey, we initially gone through the fundamental concept of artificial pacemakers. Subsequently, we expound on their modeling techniques. Additionally, we furnish a holistic overview of diverse control methodologies tailored for the continuous pace tracking and control of pacemaker signals. Our discussion extensively reviews and scrutinizes various control algorithms and deployment approaches. Moreover, we spotlight the application of the IMP-based Repetitive Control (RC) technique for ensuring uninterrupted pace tracking in pacemakers. Conclusively, we address the spectrum of research challenges inherent in controller design advancements, underscoring the journey towards achieving precise and accurate pace control in pacemakers.
AB - This paper provides an extensive literature review focusing on the modeling of artificial pacemakers and the various mechanisms employed for their pacing control. In this survey, we initially gone through the fundamental concept of artificial pacemakers. Subsequently, we expound on their modeling techniques. Additionally, we furnish a holistic overview of diverse control methodologies tailored for the continuous pace tracking and control of pacemaker signals. Our discussion extensively reviews and scrutinizes various control algorithms and deployment approaches. Moreover, we spotlight the application of the IMP-based Repetitive Control (RC) technique for ensuring uninterrupted pace tracking in pacemakers. Conclusively, we address the spectrum of research challenges inherent in controller design advancements, underscoring the journey towards achieving precise and accurate pace control in pacemakers.
KW - Controllers
KW - Electrocardiogram (ECG)
KW - Internal Model Principle (IMP)
KW - Modeling
KW - Pacemaker
KW - Pacing control
KW - Repetitive Controller (RC)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182403880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2023.100930
DO - 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2023.100930
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85182403880
SN - 1367-5788
VL - 57
JO - Annual Reviews in Control
JF - Annual Reviews in Control
M1 - 100930
ER -