Advanced hybrid technologies for industrial net zero

Transitioning to net-zero emissions is crucial for mitigating climate change, particularly since the industrial sector accounts for over 30% of global CO₂ emissions. Thus, the current chapter has investigated the integration of advanced hybrid technologies to accelerate decarbonisation, focusing on systems that combine renewable sources (solar, wind and biomass) with high-efficiency power cycles and digital tools. The novelty of the current chapter lies in the systematic comparison of hybrid integration strategies across multiple industrial applications, along with digitalisation tools such as AI and digital twins, to optimise operations. The objectives include evaluating the production, efficiency, and economic feasibility of hybrid power generation (e.g., CCGT, fuel cells), hybrid waste-to-energy processes, and the electrification of industrial operations. A techno-economic assessment method was employed, supported by real-world data. Combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) achieved efficiencies of up to 65%, while hybrid waste-to-energy systems demonstrated an energy efficiency of 85%. Additionally, net CO₂ emission reductions of 85-99% were achieved using advanced small modular reactors. Hybrid fuel cells and anaerobic digestion systems could deliver up to 14,100 kWh/day. These technologies promise enhanced energy efficiency, reduced carbon footprints and cost-effective solutions. Future research should focus on lifecycle assessments, AI-based operational modelling and regional adaptation strategies to ensure scalable, resilient and climate-aligned industrial energy systems.