A systematic review of the interrelations of urban form and mode choice in African cities

Rapid urbanization and informal urban development sweeping across African cities underscore a complex yet inadequately explored link between urban form and mode choice. Extensively studied in Western urban settings, these dynamics when applied to African cities remain a relatively unexplored realm, necessitating an extensive empirical review. This paper explores how various aspects of urban form correlate with mode choices in African urban contexts. A systematic review approach was used to filter journal papers published between 2000 and 2023 in Africa. The application of the (filtering) methodology identified 22 studies from the African region as most suitable for review. The review reveals that high-density and mixed-use areas in African cities significantly promote non-motorized transport and public transit. Infrastructure development and improved connectivity further enhance these sustainable modes. Socio-economic factors, governance policies, and cultural norms also play pivotal roles in shaping mode choices and urban mobility patterns. However, high-density cities like Abuja and Nairobi face unique challenges such as overcrowding in public transport and walking facilities. Sprawling cities like Lagos and Johannesburg struggle with inadequate public transport infrastructure, leading to a heavy reliance on private cars. Connectivity is crucial for supporting non-motorized and public transport, particularly for lower-income groups who rely more on these modes and para-transit services than higher-income groups. The findings highlight the need for tailored urban planning strategies to address these challenges and harness existing opportunities, promoting more sustainable, inclusive, and efficient urban transportation systems in African cities. Moreover, this study discloses existing research gaps that warrant further exploration.