A review on green machining techniques

Industrial revolutions from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0 have drastically transformed human life. Industrialization with high productivity, zero-defect quality, improved efficiency, significant time saving and much better connectivity are some major benefits, but on the cost of environmental degradation. To overcome this challenge, globally sustainable manufacturing interventions are being given considerable importance. The term Sustainability is the ability of the processes, systems, products, or services to perform efficiently without affecting environment. From raw material processing to supplying final products, sustainability interventions are in place. Sustainability interventions incorporate various strategies and techniques to conserve natural resources and protect environment. Machining is an important segment in manufacturing sector to produce engineered parts and components for capital and consumer goods with the help of typical processes. These processes eventually result out in high environmental-footprints. It necessitated the development of green machining techniques such as hybrid machining, green lubrication methods, dry-cutting, energy-efficient and assisted machining processes etc. This paper discusses some of the green machining techniques developed in conventional and non-conventional machining domain for clean, green and safe environment. It is hoped that green machining techniques would greatly assist towards the success of industrial revolutions. The main objective of this paper is to facilitate researchers and academics by providing useful information in order to establish the field further.