A review of puncture models and AI-based path planning techniques of flexible bevel tipped needles in healthcare diagnostics

Minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) have revolutionized the modern surgical pro¬cedures including brachy- therapy, biopsy and drug delivery treatment providing significant benefits in reducing pain and recovery times for the patient as compared to contemporary open surgery practices. For all surgical interventions precise and accurate needle insertion plays an important role while targeting to the infected soft tissue region. However, the current practices of rigid needles have limitations, it deviates from the target position and formed tissue deformation in adjoining dis¬infected tissues in the human body which is not desirable. To avoid these problems, recently development of flexible bevel tipped needles are emerging as an effective clinical technique having capability of greater mobility and bending during per¬cutaneous interventions. This review proposes future directions and challenges to new researchers for further research and development of flexible bevel- tipped medical needles.