A Review: Charging infrastructure optimisation to support widespread adoption of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity because of a variety of reasons, such as lower prices and more environmental and climate awareness. More specifically, an evaluation of the prospects and global market scenario for EVs is done. Many countries are accelerating the adoption of EVs to minimise environmental degradation and reliance on oil. The introduction of EVs, specifically battery electric vehicle (BEV), is viewed as a remedy to the energy problem and environmental concerns. This article presents a thorough examination of the technical evolution of EVs and technologies to support their adoption. The key technologies for electric motors, control, batteries, charging technology and EV control and charging infrastructure (CI) are summarised. This is a review study that focuses on certain key technologies in this regard, including smart charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), EV charging using photovoltaic panels (PV) and EV on-road charging. Smart charging of EVs is intended to increase EV and renewable energy penetration, reduce charging costs and improve grid infrastructure utilisation. This study also discusses technological problems and technologies to improve the safety, reliability and efficiency of EVs. The study found that the key technologies play vital roles in EV sustainability and reliability. The studies revealed that the most significant drawback of EVs is their autonomy. Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is critical for enabling a smooth transition to e-mobility. To promote the use of electrified transportation, an extensive network of charging stations and power management systems must be built in a user-friendly setting.