A multi-period composite generation and transmission expansion planning model incorporating renewable energy sources and demand response

This study presents an evaluation of the potential impacts of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Demand Response (DR) on the Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning (GTEP) problem. This is highly essential in order to increase RES penetration in power systems thereby ensuring long term energy security and emissions reduction. GTEP with demand response is jointly considered so as to achieve an optimal expansion strategy for power systems by assisting the system planner make decisions about power system investments in order to meet the desired electricity demand. Therefore, the proposed model considers several levels of DR penetration in the planning system in order to assess its impact on the system performance. A multi-period multi-objective GTEP model was proposed and formulated as a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) Problem. The developed MIQP was solved using the CPLEX 12.8.1 solver and is tested on two practical case studies: IEEE 24-bus and the real-world Nigerian Power system. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the system performance of the proposed model and the results indicate that an increase in penetration of DR resources in the planning procedure causes a decrease in the power generated, emissions and system costs whilst increasing RES utilization in power system.