3-D numerical simulation for fuel cell performance

A 3-D mathematical model for the PEM fuel cell including gas channel has been developed to simulate fluid flow, current density distribution, and multi-component transport. In order to understand the developing fluid flow and mass transfer process inside the fuel cell channels, the conventional Navier-Stokes equations for gas channel, and volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for porous gas diffusers and catalyst layer are adopted individually in this study. A set of conservation equations and species concentration equations are solved numerically in a coupled gas channel and porous media domain using the vorticity-velocity method with power law scheme. Detailed development axial velocity and secondary flow fields at various axial positions in the entrance region are presented. Polarization curves under various operating conditions are demonstrated by solving the equations for electrochemical reactions and the membrane phase potential. Compared with experimental data from published literatures, numerical results of this model agree closely with experimental results. Finally, mass transport equations are solved at a preset condition of electrochemical reaction, and oxygen and hydrogen mole fraction distribution fields are displayed.